The short answer
The No Surprises Act (2022+) prohibits balance billing and requires in-network cost-sharing for: emergency services, air ambulance, and out-of-network providers at in-network facilities. Ground ambulance is NOT protected — state laws vary. Post-stabilization care requires notice and consent to allow balance billing.
Frequently asked
- Can the ER doctor bill me separately?
- No — even if the ER doctor is out-of-network, No Surprises Act protects you.
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